1. Directions: This section contains eight short reading passages. Each passage is followed by
several questions based on its content. Answering the questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

Passage 1

On May 18, 1980, in Washington State, the volcano Mount Saint Helens erupted, sending a cloud of dust 15 miles into the air. The explosion was not unexpected; the earth’s crust had shaken for weeks beforehand, providing people in the surrounding area with plenty of advance warning. In spite of these danger signals, no one was prepared

(5) for the extent of the blast; over the course of several weeks, the volcano’s eruption ripped the top 1,300 feet off the mountain, resulting in a landslide that was the largest in recorded history. 540 million tons of ash from the volcano were spread over three states, altering the earth’s weather patterns for several years afterward. One thing missing from the initial eruption was fluid lava usually identified with volcanic activity.

(10) Later eruptions emitted a thick and oozing lava. Thick lava is easily outrun because it moves extremely slowly. In addition, thick lava creates taller volcanoes because it often cools and hardens instead of flowing down the volcano’s sides.

This passage is primarily about

2. As used in line 4, the word “advance” means

On May 18, 1980, in Washington State, the volcano Mount Saint Helens erupted, sending a cloud of dust 15 miles into the air. The explosion was not unexpected; the earth’s crust had shaken for weeks beforehand, providing people in the surrounding area with plenty of advance warning. In spite of these danger signals, no one was prepared

(5) for the extent of the blast; over the course of several weeks, the volcano’s eruption ripped the top 1,300 feet off the mountain, resulting in a landslide that was the largest in recorded history. 540 million tons of ash from the volcano were spread over three states, altering the earth’s weather patterns for several years afterward. One thing missing from the initial eruption was fluid lava usually identified with volcanic activity.

(10) Later eruptions emitted a thick and oozing lava. Thick lava is easily outrun because it moves extremely slowly. In addition, thick lava creates taller volcanoes because it often cools and hardens instead of flowing down the volcano’s sides.

3. According to the passage, ali of the following were caused by the Mr. St. Helens eruption EXCEPT

On May 18, 1980, in Washington State, the volcano Mount Saint Helens erupted, sending a cloud of dust 15 miles into the air. The explosion was not unexpected; the earth’s crust had shaken for weeks beforehand, providing people in the surrounding area with plenty of advance warning. In spite of these danger signals, no one was prepared

(5) for the extent of the blast; over the course of several weeks, the volcano’s eruption ripped the top 1,300 feet off the mountain, resulting in a landslide that was the largest in recorded history. 540 million tons of ash from the volcano were spread over three states, altering the earth’s weather patterns for several years afterward. One thing missing from the initial eruption was fluid lava usually identified with volcanic activity.

(10) Later eruptions emitted a thick and oozing lava. Thick lava is easily outrun because it moves extremely slowly. In addition, thick lava creates taller volcanoes because it often cools and hardens instead of flowing down the volcano’s sides.

4. It can be inferred from the passage that fluid lave

On May 18, 1980, in Washington State, the volcano Mount Saint Helens erupted, sending a cloud of dust 15 miles into the air. The explosion was not unexpected; the earth’s crust had shaken for weeks beforehand, providing people in the surrounding area with plenty of advance warning. In spite of these danger signals, no one was prepared

(5) for the extent of the blast; over the course of several weeks, the volcano’s eruption ripped the top 1,300 feet off the mountain, resulting in a landslide that was the largest in recorded history. 540 million tons of ash from the volcano were spread over three states, altering the earth’s weather patterns for several years afterward. One thing missing from the initial eruption was fluid lava usually identified with volcanic activity.

(10) Later eruptions emitted a thick and oozing lava. Thick lava is easily outrun because it moves extremely slowly. In addition, thick lava creates taller volcanoes because it often cools and hardens instead of flowing down the volcano’s sides.

5. The author’s style is best described as

On May 18, 1980, in Washington State, the volcano Mount Saint Helens erupted, sending a cloud of dust 15 miles into the air. The explosion was not unexpected; the earth’s crust had shaken for weeks beforehand, providing people in the surrounding area with plenty of advance warning. In spite of these danger signals, no one was prepared

(5) for the extent of the blast; over the course of several weeks, the volcano’s eruption ripped the top 1,300 feet off the mountain, resulting in a landslide that was the largest in recorded history. 540 million tons of ash from the volcano were spread over three states, altering the earth’s weather patterns for several years afterward. One thing missing from the initial eruption was fluid lava usually identified with volcanic activity.

(10) Later eruptions emitted a thick and oozing lava. Thick lava is easily outrun because it moves extremely slowly. In addition, thick lava creates taller volcanoes because it often cools and hardens instead of flowing down the volcano’s sides.

6. The author most likely mentions “providing people in the surrounding area with plenty of
advance warning” in order to

On May 18, 1980, in Washington State, the volcano Mount Saint Helens erupted, sending a cloud of dust 15 miles into the air. The explosion was not unexpected; the earth’s crust had shaken for weeks beforehand, providing people in the surrounding area with plenty of advance warning. In spite of these danger signals, no one was prepared

(5) for the extent of the blast; over the course of several weeks, the volcano’s eruption ripped the top 1,300 feet off the mountain, resulting in a landslide that was the largest in recorded history. 540 million tons of ash from the volcano were spread over three states, altering the earth’s weather patterns for several years afterward. One thing missing from the initial eruption was fluid lava usually identified with volcanic activity.

(10) Later eruptions emitted a thick and oozing lava. Thick lava is easily outrun because it moves extremely slowly. In addition, thick lava creates taller volcanoes because it often cools and hardens instead of flowing down the volcano’s sides.

7. Passage 2

Hope is the thing with feathers
That perches in the soul,
And sings the tune without the words
And never stops at äll,
And sweetest in the gale is heard;
And sore must be the storm
That could abash’ the little bird
That kept so many warm.
I’ve heard it in the chillest land,
And on the strangest sea;
Yet, never, in extremity,
It asked a crumb of me.
discourage

“Hope” by Emily Dickinson

In this poem, hope is compared to

8. What is the poet saying in the last stanza of the poem?

Hope is the thing with feathers
That perches in the soul,
And sings the tune without the words
And never stops at äll,
And sweetest in the gale is heard;
And sore must be the storm
That could abash’ the little bird
That kept so many warm.
I’ve heard it in the chillest land,
And on the strangest sea;
Yet, never, in extremity,
It asked a crumb of me.
discourage

“Hope” by Emily Dickinson

9. The lines “the little bird/That kept so many warm” in the second stanza refer to the fact
that

Hope is the thing with feathers
That perches in the soul,
And sings the tune without the words
And never stops at äll,
And sweetest in the gale is heard;
And sore must be the storm
That could abash’ the little bird
That kept so many warm.
I’ve heard it in the chillest land,
And on the strangest sea;
Yet, never, in extremity,
It asked a crumb of me.
discourage

“Hope” by Emily Dickinson

10. The attitude of the speaker in this poem can best be described as

Hope is the thing with feathers
That perches in the soul,
And sings the tune without the words
And never stops at äll,
And sweetest in the gale is heard;
And sore must be the storm
That could abash’ the little bird
That kept so many warm.
I’ve heard it in the chillest land,
And on the strangest sea;
Yet, never, in extremity,
It asked a crumb of me.
discourage

“Hope” by Emily Dickinson

11. The term “sore” most nearly means

Hope is the thing with feathers
That perches in the soul,
And sings the tune without the words
And never stops at äll,
And sweetest in the gale is heard;
And sore must be the storm
That could abash’ the little bird
That kept so many warm.
I’ve heard it in the chillest land,
And on the strangest sea;
Yet, never, in extremity,
It asked a crumb of me.
discourage

“Hope” by Emily Dickinson

12. Passage 3

The Big Bang theory, an explanation of the origins of our universe, is one of the
greatest intellectual achievements of the twentieth century. According to this theory,
about ten to twenty million years ago, the matter of which the universe is made was
infinitely tightly compressed. Something-called the Big Bang— turned this matter into
a gigantic and flew away from its compressed state, bits of it became glued together to
create galaxies and, later, stars and planets. The motion of the matter that flew out of
The fireball continues today, and the universe appears to be expanding. The theory
grew out of observations of the Doppler effect. It explains that the frequency of
radiation given off by a moving body decreases as the sources get farther from the
observer. In 1965, scientists discovered that the radiation bathing the earth is at the
precise micro-wave frequency that would be expected if the universe began with a big
bang. Some scientists think the expansion of the universe will continue to infinity,
while others theorize that gravity will, at some point in the far distant future, collapse
back onto itself in a “big crunch”, returning it to a state of compressed matter.

The best title for this passage is

13. As a moving object gets farther from its source, its radiation frequency _

The Big Bang theory, an explanation of the origins of our universe, is one of the
greatest intellectual achievements of the twentieth century. According to this theory,
about ten to twenty million years ago, the matter of which the universe is made was
infinitely tightly compressed. Something-called the Big Bang— turned this matter into
a gigantic and flew away from its compressed state, bits of it became glued together to
create galaxies and, later, stars and planets. The motion of the matter that flew out of
The fireball continues today, and the universe appears to be expanding. The theory
grew out of observations of the Doppler effect. It explains that the frequency of
radiation given off by a moving body decreases as the sources get farther from the
observer. In 1965, scientists discovered that the radiation bathing the earth is at the
precise micro-wave frequency that would be expected if the universe began with a big
bang. Some scientists think the expansion of the universe will continue to infinity,
while others theorize that gravity will, at some point in the far distant future, collapse
back onto itself in a “big crunch”, returning it to a state of compressed matter.

14. The matter of which the universe is made was originally _

The Big Bang theory, an explanation of the origins of our universe, is one of the
greatest intellectual achievements of the twentieth century. According to this theory,
about ten to twenty million years ago, the matter of which the universe is made was
infinitely tightly compressed. Something-called the Big Bang— turned this matter into
a gigantic and flew away from its compressed state, bits of it became glued together to
create galaxies and, later, stars and planets. The motion of the matter that flew out of
The fireball continues today, and the universe appears to be expanding. The theory
grew out of observations of the Doppler effect. It explains that the frequency of
radiation given off by a moving body decreases as the sources get farther from the
observer. In 1965, scientists discovered that the radiation bathing the earth is at the
precise micro-wave frequency that would be expected if the universe began with a big
bang. Some scientists think the expansion of the universe will continue to infinity,
while others theorize that gravity will, at some point in the far distant future, collapse
back onto itself in a “big crunch”, returning it to a state of compressed matter.

15. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

The Big Bang theory, an explanation of the origins of our universe, is one of the
greatest intellectual achievements of the twentieth century. According to this theory,
about ten to twenty million years ago, the matter of which the universe is made was
infinitely tightly compressed. Something-called the Big Bang— turned this matter into
a gigantic and flew away from its compressed state, bits of it became glued together to
create galaxies and, later, stars and planets. The motion of the matter that flew out of
The fireball continues today, and the universe appears to be expanding. The theory
grew out of observations of the Doppler effect. It explains that the frequency of
radiation given off by a moving body decreases as the sources get farther from the
observer. In 1965, scientists discovered that the radiation bathing the earth is at the
precise micro-wave frequency that would be expected if the universe began with a big
bang. Some scientists think the expansion of the universe will continue to infinity,
while others theorize that gravity will, at some point in the far distant future, collapse
back onto itself in a “big crunch”, returning it to a state of compressed matter.

16. The author of this passage thinks the Big Bang theory _

The Big Bang theory, an explanation of the origins of our universe, is one of the
greatest intellectual achievements of the twentieth century. According to this theory,
about ten to twenty million years ago, the matter of which the universe is made was
infinitely tightly compressed. Something-called the Big Bang— turned this matter into
a gigantic and flew away from its compressed state, bits of it became glued together to
create galaxies and, later, stars and planets. The motion of the matter that flew out of
The fireball continues today, and the universe appears to be expanding. The theory
grew out of observations of the Doppler effect. It explains that the frequency of
radiation given off by a moving body decreases as the sources get farther from the
observer. In 1965, scientists discovered that the radiation bathing the earth is at the
precise micro-wave frequency that would be expected if the universe began with a big
bang. Some scientists think the expansion of the universe will continue to infinity,
while others theorize that gravity will, at some point in the far distant future, collapse
back onto itself in a “big crunch”, returning it to a state of compressed matter.

17. Passage 4

Each town is built in a given site and situation. If the surrounding terrain is
limited, most of our large cities have grown on fairly flat land. Here they have ready
accessibility as well as the important advantage of the low cost of developing and
servicing flat land. Thus, topographic differences between towns, affecting accessibility and

(5) cost can help some communities grow at the expense of others.
Nevertheless, landforms are more often important in determining how (that is. in
what shape) towns and cities grow than why they grow. For example, Amsterdam, a
city virtually built on water, and San Francisco, which is built on steep hills and
surrounded on three sides by water, it continues to grow and prosper. Each of these has

(10) developed a unique character, partly because of its physical setting. In the early days of town building, when sites were chosen for defense (for example, the island location of Montreal), the landforms limited the towns’ outward growth. Although these original limitations have ceased to affect any but the downtown areas, some modern communities must still adapt to their sites. The outposts of western Newfoundland,

(15) which are limited to a narrow strip of land between the mountains and the ocean, provide one picturesque example. It has often been observed by conservationists that cities such as Vancouver, Toronto, and Los Angeles have grown at the expense of some of our best farmland. This phenomenon does not mean, however, that good soils are a prerequisite for urban

(20) growth. Many of these cities were originally agricultural market towns and grew because farming prospered. Only when transportation improvements enabled long- distance shipping of food could the city afford to “bite off the land that feeds it”. The ease and low cost of building on flat land were also significant factors. An example of this conflict between urban and agricultural land uses is found in the

(25) Niagara Peninsula fruit belt of Ontario. This district has both sandy, well-drained soils and a moderate climate suited for tender-fruit growing, a very rare combination in Canada. However, the soils and climate, combined with its proximity to the Toronto-Hamilton urban industrial complex, make this region ideal for urban growth. As a result, some of the most valuable and irreplaceable farmland in southern Ontario has

(30) been taken out of production and built on. A pleasant climate has played a significant role in the growth of some towns and cities. Many Florida cities have prospered because of an almost year-round tourist trade. Arizona’s warm dry winters attract many people, often with respiratory diseases, to Tucson, Phoenix, and other urban centers. The famous climate of

(35) southern California has been one of the major factors in its rapid urbanization and general population growth. Much of the California boom was also due to the fact that the film and airplane industries located there to take advantage of the sunshine and warm winters. Thus, some urban growth can best be explained by environmental factors.

The main idea of this passage is

18. From this passage one can assume that a “conservationist” is interested in

Each town is built in a given site and situation. If the surrounding terrain is
limited, most of our large cities have grown on fairly flat land. Here they have ready
accessibility as well as the important advantage of the low cost of developing and
servicing flat land. Thus, topographic differences between towns, affecting accessibility and

(5) cost can help some communities grow at the expense of others.
Nevertheless, landforms are more often important in determining how (that is. in
what shape) towns and cities grow than why they grow. For example, Amsterdam, a
city virtually built on water, and San Francisco, which is built on steep hills and
surrounded on three sides by water, it continues to grow and prosper. Each of these has

(10) developed a unique character, partly because of its physical setting. In the early days of town building, when sites were chosen for defense (for example, the island location of Montreal), the landforms limited the towns’ outward growth. Although these original limitations have ceased to affect any but the downtown areas, some modern communities must still adapt to their sites. The outposts of western Newfoundland,

(15) which are limited to a narrow strip of land between the mountains and the ocean, provide one picturesque example. It has often been observed by conservationists that cities such as Vancouver, Toronto, and Los Angeles have grown at the expense of some of our best farmland. This phenomenon does not mean, however, that good soils are a prerequisite for urban

(20) growth. Many of these cities were originally agricultural market towns and grew because farming prospered. Only when transportation improvements enabled long- distance shipping of food could the city afford to “bite off the land that feeds it”. The ease and low cost of building on flat land were also significant factors. An example of this conflict between urban and agricultural land uses is found in the

(25) Niagara Peninsula fruit belt of Ontario. This district has both sandy, well-drained soils and a moderate climate suited for tender-fruit growing, a very rare combination in Canada. However, the soils and climate, combined with its proximity to the Toronto-Hamilton urban industrial complex, make this region ideal for urban growth. As a result, some of the most valuable and irreplaceable farmland in southern Ontario has

(30) been taken out of production and built on. A pleasant climate has played a significant role in the growth of some towns and cities. Many Florida cities have prospered because of an almost year-round tourist trade. Arizona’s warm dry winters attract many people, often with respiratory diseases, to Tucson, Phoenix, and other urban centers. The famous climate of

(35) southern California has been one of the major factors in its rapid urbanization and general population growth. Much of the California boom was also due to the fact that the film and airplane industries located there to take advantage of the sunshine and warm winters. Thus, some urban growth can best be explained by environmental factors.

19. What is most unusual about the Niagara Peninsula?

Each town is built in a given site and situation. If the surrounding terrain is
limited, most of our large cities have grown on fairly flat land. Here they have ready
accessibility as well as the important advantage of the low cost of developing and
servicing flat land. Thus, topographic differences between towns, affecting accessibility and

(5) cost can help some communities grow at the expense of others.
Nevertheless, landforms are more often important in determining how (that is. in
what shape) towns and cities grow than why they grow. For example, Amsterdam, a
city virtually built on water, and San Francisco, which is built on steep hills and
surrounded on three sides by water, it continues to grow and prosper. Each of these has

(10) developed a unique character, partly because of its physical setting. In the early days of town building, when sites were chosen for defense (for example, the island location of Montreal), the landforms limited the towns’ outward growth. Although these original limitations have ceased to affect any but the downtown areas, some modern communities must still adapt to their sites. The outposts of western Newfoundland,

(15) which are limited to a narrow strip of land between the mountains and the ocean, provide one picturesque example. It has often been observed by conservationists that cities such as Vancouver, Toronto, and Los Angeles have grown at the expense of some of our best farmland. This phenomenon does not mean, however, that good soils are a prerequisite for urban

(20) growth. Many of these cities were originally agricultural market towns and grew because farming prospered. Only when transportation improvements enabled long- distance shipping of food could the city afford to “bite off the land that feeds it”. The ease and low cost of building on flat land were also significant factors. An example of this conflict between urban and agricultural land uses is found in the

(25) Niagara Peninsula fruit belt of Ontario. This district has both sandy, well-drained soils and a moderate climate suited for tender-fruit growing, a very rare combination in Canada. However, the soils and climate, combined with its proximity to the Toronto-Hamilton urban industrial complex, make this region ideal for urban growth. As a result, some of the most valuable and irreplaceable farmland in southern Ontario has

(30) been taken out of production and built on. A pleasant climate has played a significant role in the growth of some towns and cities. Many Florida cities have prospered because of an almost year-round tourist trade. Arizona’s warm dry winters attract many people, often with respiratory diseases, to Tucson, Phoenix, and other urban centers. The famous climate of

(35) southern California has been one of the major factors in its rapid urbanization and general population growth. Much of the California boom was also due to the fact that the film and airplane industries located there to take advantage of the sunshine and warm winters. Thus, some urban growth can best be explained by environmental factors.

20. In building a town today, which of the following can be inferred to be least important based
on the passage?

Each town is built in a given site and situation. If the surrounding terrain is
limited, most of our large cities have grown on fairly flat land. Here they have ready
accessibility as well as the important advantage of the low cost of developing and
servicing flat land. Thus, topographic differences between towns, affecting accessibility and

(5) cost can help some communities grow at the expense of others.
Nevertheless, landforms are more often important in determining how (that is. in
what shape) towns and cities grow than why they grow. For example, Amsterdam, a
city virtually built on water, and San Francisco, which is built on steep hills and
surrounded on three sides by water, it continues to grow and prosper. Each of these has

(10) developed a unique character, partly because of its physical setting. In the early days of town building, when sites were chosen for defense (for example, the island location of Montreal), the landforms limited the towns’ outward growth. Although these original limitations have ceased to affect any but the downtown areas, some modern communities must still adapt to their sites. The outposts of western Newfoundland,

(15) which are limited to a narrow strip of land between the mountains and the ocean, provide one picturesque example. It has often been observed by conservationists that cities such as Vancouver, Toronto, and Los Angeles have grown at the expense of some of our best farmland. This phenomenon does not mean, however, that good soils are a prerequisite for urban

(20) growth. Many of these cities were originally agricultural market towns and grew because farming prospered. Only when transportation improvements enabled long- distance shipping of food could the city afford to “bite off the land that feeds it”. The ease and low cost of building on flat land were also significant factors. An example of this conflict between urban and agricultural land uses is found in the

(25) Niagara Peninsula fruit belt of Ontario. This district has both sandy, well-drained soils and a moderate climate suited for tender-fruit growing, a very rare combination in Canada. However, the soils and climate, combined with its proximity to the Toronto-Hamilton urban industrial complex, make this region ideal for urban growth. As a result, some of the most valuable and irreplaceable farmland in southern Ontario has

(30) been taken out of production and built on. A pleasant climate has played a significant role in the growth of some towns and cities. Many Florida cities have prospered because of an almost year-round tourist trade. Arizona’s warm dry winters attract many people, often with respiratory diseases, to Tucson, Phoenix, and other urban centers. The famous climate of

(35) southern California has been one of the major factors in its rapid urbanization and general population growth. Much of the California boom was also due to the fact that the film and airplane industries located there to take advantage of the sunshine and warm winters. Thus, some urban growth can best be explained by environmental factors.

21. The best title of this passage is

Each town is built in a given site and situation. If the surrounding terrain is
limited, most of our large cities have grown on fairly flat land. Here they have ready
accessibility as well as the important advantage of the low cost of developing and
servicing flat land. Thus, topographic differences between towns, affecting accessibility and

(5) cost can help some communities grow at the expense of others.
Nevertheless, landforms are more often important in determining how (that is. in
what shape) towns and cities grow than why they grow. For example, Amsterdam, a
city virtually built on water, and San Francisco, which is built on steep hills and
surrounded on three sides by water, it continues to grow and prosper. Each of these has

(10) developed a unique character, partly because of its physical setting. In the early days of town building, when sites were chosen for defense (for example, the island location of Montreal), the landforms limited the towns’ outward growth. Although these original limitations have ceased to affect any but the downtown areas, some modern communities must still adapt to their sites. The outposts of western Newfoundland,

(15) which are limited to a narrow strip of land between the mountains and the ocean, provide one picturesque example. It has often been observed by conservationists that cities such as Vancouver, Toronto, and Los Angeles have grown at the expense of some of our best farmland. This phenomenon does not mean, however, that good soils are a prerequisite for urban

(20) growth. Many of these cities were originally agricultural market towns and grew because farming prospered. Only when transportation improvements enabled long- distance shipping of food could the city afford to “bite off the land that feeds it”. The ease and low cost of building on flat land were also significant factors. An example of this conflict between urban and agricultural land uses is found in the

(25) Niagara Peninsula fruit belt of Ontario. This district has both sandy, well-drained soils and a moderate climate suited for tender-fruit growing, a very rare combination in Canada. However, the soils and climate, combined with its proximity to the Toronto-Hamilton urban industrial complex, make this region ideal for urban growth. As a result, some of the most valuable and irreplaceable farmland in southern Ontario has

(30) been taken out of production and built on. A pleasant climate has played a significant role in the growth of some towns and cities. Many Florida cities have prospered because of an almost year-round tourist trade. Arizona’s warm dry winters attract many people, often with respiratory diseases, to Tucson, Phoenix, and other urban centers. The famous climate of

(35) southern California has been one of the major factors in its rapid urbanization and general population growth. Much of the California boom was also due to the fact that the film and airplane industries located there to take advantage of the sunshine and warm winters. Thus, some urban growth can best be explained by environmental factors.

22. Passage 5

The kangaroo is found nowhere in the world but in Australasia. Ages ago, when
that part of our earth was cut of from the Asian mainland, this fantastic animal from
nature’s iong ago was also isolated. There are about two dozen species distributed
through Australia, southward to Tasmania and northward to New Guinea and
neighboring islands. Some are no bigger than rabbits; some can climb trees. They are.
known by a variety of picturesque names: wallabies, wallaroos, potoroos, boongaries,
and paddymelons. But the kangaroo-the one that is Australia’s national symbol–is the
great gray kangaroo of the plains, admiringly known throughout the island continent as
the Old Man, and also as Boomer, Forester, and Man of the Woods. His smaller mate,
in Australian talk, is called a flyer. Their baby is known as Joey.
A full-grown kangaroo stands taller than a man, and commonly weighs 200 pounds.
Even when he sits in his favorite position, reposing on his haunches and tilting back on
the propping support of his “third leg”— his tail—-his head is five feet or more above the
ground. His huge hind legs, with steel-spring power, can send him sailing over a ten-
foot fence with ease, or in a fight can beat off a dozen dogs. A twitch of his tail can
break someone’s leg like a match stick.
Kangaroos provide an endless supply of tall tales to which wide-eyed visitors are
treated in the land Down Under. The beauty of the tall tales about the kangaroo is that
they can be almost as tall as you please and still be close to fact.

Kangaroos are found only

23. A female kangaroo is called

The kangaroo is found nowhere in the world but in Australasia. Ages ago, when
that part of our earth was cut of from the Asian mainland, this fantastic animal from
nature’s iong ago was also isolated. There are about two dozen species distributed
through Australia, southward to Tasmania and northward to New Guinea and
neighboring islands. Some are no bigger than rabbits; some can climb trees. They are.
known by a variety of picturesque names: wallabies, wallaroos, potoroos, boongaries,
and paddymelons. But the kangaroo-the one that is Australia’s national symbol–is the
great gray kangaroo of the plains, admiringly known throughout the island continent as
the Old Man, and also as Boomer, Forester, and Man of the Woods. His smaller mate,
in Australian talk, is called a flyer. Their baby is known as Joey.
A full-grown kangaroo stands taller than a man, and commonly weighs 200 pounds.
Even when he sits in his favorite position, reposing on his haunches and tilting back on
the propping support of his “third leg”— his tail—-his head is five feet or more above the
ground. His huge hind legs, with steel-spring power, can send him sailing over a ten-
foot fence with ease, or in a fight can beat off a dozen dogs. A twitch of his tail can
break someone’s leg like a match stick.
Kangaroos provide an endless supply of tall tales to which wide-eyed visitors are
treated in the land Down Under. The beauty of the tall tales about the kangaroo is that
they can be almost as tall as you please and still be close to fact.

24. The amazing jumping power of the kangaroo is chiefly due to the

The kangaroo is found nowhere in the world but in Australasia. Ages ago, when
that part of our earth was cut of from the Asian mainland, this fantastic animal from
nature’s iong ago was also isolated. There are about two dozen species distributed
through Australia, southward to Tasmania and northward to New Guinea and
neighboring islands. Some are no bigger than rabbits; some can climb trees. They are.
known by a variety of picturesque names: wallabies, wallaroos, potoroos, boongaries,
and paddymelons. But the kangaroo-the one that is Australia’s national symbol–is the
great gray kangaroo of the plains, admiringly known throughout the island continent as
the Old Man, and also as Boomer, Forester, and Man of the Woods. His smaller mate,
in Australian talk, is called a flyer. Their baby is known as Joey.
A full-grown kangaroo stands taller than a man, and commonly weighs 200 pounds.
Even when he sits in his favorite position, reposing on his haunches and tilting back on
the propping support of his “third leg”— his tail—-his head is five feet or more above the
ground. His huge hind legs, with steel-spring power, can send him sailing over a ten-
foot fence with ease, or in a fight can beat off a dozen dogs. A twitch of his tail can
break someone’s leg like a match stick.
Kangaroos provide an endless supply of tall tales to which wide-eyed visitors are
treated in the land Down Under. The beauty of the tall tales about the kangaroo is that
they can be almost as tall as you please and still be close to fact.

25. Which statement is true according to the passage?

The kangaroo is found nowhere in the world but in Australasia. Ages ago, when
that part of our earth was cut of from the Asian mainland, this fantastic animal from
nature’s iong ago was also isolated. There are about two dozen species distributed
through Australia, southward to Tasmania and northward to New Guinea and
neighboring islands. Some are no bigger than rabbits; some can climb trees. They are.
known by a variety of picturesque names: wallabies, wallaroos, potoroos, boongaries,
and paddymelons. But the kangaroo-the one that is Australia’s national symbol–is the
great gray kangaroo of the plains, admiringly known throughout the island continent as
the Old Man, and also as Boomer, Forester, and Man of the Woods. His smaller mate,
in Australian talk, is called a flyer. Their baby is known as Joey.
A full-grown kangaroo stands taller than a man, and commonly weighs 200 pounds.
Even when he sits in his favorite position, reposing on his haunches and tilting back on
the propping support of his “third leg”— his tail—-his head is five feet or more above the
ground. His huge hind legs, with steel-spring power, can send him sailing over a ten-
foot fence with ease, or in a fight can beat off a dozen dogs. A twitch of his tail can
break someone’s leg like a match stick.
Kangaroos provide an endless supply of tall tales to which wide-eyed visitors are
treated in the land Down Under. The beauty of the tall tales about the kangaroo is that
they can be almost as tall as you please and still be close to fact.

26. The author believes that the stories told about kangaroos are generally

The kangaroo is found nowhere in the world but in Australasia. Ages ago, when
that part of our earth was cut of from the Asian mainland, this fantastic animal from
nature’s iong ago was also isolated. There are about two dozen species distributed
through Australia, southward to Tasmania and northward to New Guinea and
neighboring islands. Some are no bigger than rabbits; some can climb trees. They are.
known by a variety of picturesque names: wallabies, wallaroos, potoroos, boongaries,
and paddymelons. But the kangaroo-the one that is Australia’s national symbol–is the
great gray kangaroo of the plains, admiringly known throughout the island continent as
the Old Man, and also as Boomer, Forester, and Man of the Woods. His smaller mate,
in Australian talk, is called a flyer. Their baby is known as Joey.
A full-grown kangaroo stands taller than a man, and commonly weighs 200 pounds.
Even when he sits in his favorite position, reposing on his haunches and tilting back on
the propping support of his “third leg”— his tail—-his head is five feet or more above the
ground. His huge hind legs, with steel-spring power, can send him sailing over a ten-
foot fence with ease, or in a fight can beat off a dozen dogs. A twitch of his tail can
break someone’s leg like a match stick.
Kangaroos provide an endless supply of tall tales to which wide-eyed visitors are
treated in the land Down Under. The beauty of the tall tales about the kangaroo is that
they can be almost as tall as you please and still be close to fact.

27. Passage 6:

One day recently, a man in a ten-gallon hat appeared at the gate of New York’s famous Bronx Zoo. “Just stopped by on my way through town,” he told zoo officials. “I’ve gan animal outside I think you might like to see.” The officials raised their eyebrows and looked at each other meaningfully, but the

(5) man in the hat didn’t seem to notice. He went on to introduce himself as Gene Holter. “I call it a Zonkey,” he said calmly, “because it’s a cross between a donkey and a zebra. I’ve got his parents out there, too.” The 200 officials didn’t wait to hear about the parents. They left their desks and started for the gate. Outside, Mr. Holter opened the side door of a huge truck and

(10) reached inside. Calmly, he pulled out a gibbon, and hung it, by its tail, from a tree. Then he walked past five ostriches and carried out the baby Zonkey. Just three weeks old, the only Zonkey in the world had long ears, a face and legs covered with candy stripes, and a body covered with brown baby fuzz. The parents were on hand, too. The father was no ordinary zebra. He was broken to ride, and one

(15) of the zoo officials realized a lifelong dream when he jumped on the zebra’s back and cantered around. When last seen, Mr. Holter and his caravan were on their way to Dayton and then to Anaheim, California, where they live year-round.

Mr. Holter’s manner was

28. When Mr. Holter first approached the 200 officials, they

One day recently, a man in a ten-gallon hat appeared at the gate of New York’s famous Bronx Zoo. “Just stopped by on my way through town,” he told zoo officials. “I’ve gan animal outside I think you might like to see.” The officials raised their eyebrows and looked at each other meaningfully, but the

(5) man in the hat didn’t seem to notice. He went on to introduce himself as Gene Holter. “I call it a Zonkey,” he said calmly, “because it’s a cross between a donkey and a zebra. I’ve got his parents out there, too.” The 200 officials didn’t wait to hear about the parents. They left their desks and started for the gate. Outside, Mr. Holter opened the side door of a huge truck and

(10) reached inside. Calmly, he pulled out a gibbon, and hung it, by its tail, from a tree. Then he walked past five ostriches and carried out the baby Zonkey. Just three weeks old, the only Zonkey in the world had long ears, a face and legs covered with candy stripes, and a body covered with brown baby fuzz. The parents were on hand, too. The father was no ordinary zebra. He was broken to ride, and one

(15) of the zoo officials realized a lifelong dream when he jumped on the zebra’s back and cantered around. When last seen, Mr. Holter and his caravan were on their way to Dayton and then to Anaheim, California, where they live year-round.

29. Mr. Holter probably made a living

One day recently, a man in a ten-gallon hat appeared at the gate of New York’s famous Bronx Zoo. “Just stopped by on my way through town,” he told zoo officials. “I’ve gan animal outside I think you might like to see.” The officials raised their eyebrows and looked at each other meaningfully, but the

(5) man in the hat didn’t seem to notice. He went on to introduce himself as Gene Holter. “I call it a Zonkey,” he said calmly, “because it’s a cross between a donkey and a zebra. I’ve got his parents out there, too.” The 200 officials didn’t wait to hear about the parents. They left their desks and started for the gate. Outside, Mr. Holter opened the side door of a huge truck and

(10) reached inside. Calmly, he pulled out a gibbon, and hung it, by its tail, from a tree. Then he walked past five ostriches and carried out the baby Zonkey. Just three weeks old, the only Zonkey in the world had long ears, a face and legs covered with candy stripes, and a body covered with brown baby fuzz. The parents were on hand, too. The father was no ordinary zebra. He was broken to ride, and one

(15) of the zoo officials realized a lifelong dream when he jumped on the zebra’s back and cantered around. When last seen, Mr. Holter and his caravan were on their way to Dayton and then to Anaheim, California, where they live year-round.

30. Passage 7

In 1904, the U.S. Patent Office granted a patent for a board game called “The Landlord’s Game”, which was invented by a Virginia Quaker named Lizzie Magic. Magie was a follower of Henry George, who started a tax movement that supported the theory that the renting of land and real estate produced an unearned increase in land

(5) values that profited a few individuals (landlords) rather than the majority of the people (tenants). George proposed a single federal tax based on land ownership; he believed this tax would weaken the ability to form monopolies, encourage equal opportunity, and narrow the gap between rich and poor. Lizzie Magie wanted to spread the word about George’s proposal, making it more

(10) understandable to a majority of people who were basically unfamiliar with economics. As a result, she invented a board game that would serve as a teaching device. The Landlord’s Game was intended to explain the evils of monopolies, showing that they repressed the possibility for equal opportunity. Her instructions read in part: “The object of this game is not only to afford amusement to players, but to illustrate to them

(15) how, under the present or prevailing system of land tenure, the landlord has an advantage over other enterprisers, and also how the single tax would discourage speculation.” The board for the game was painted with forty spaces around its perimeter, including four railroads, two utilities, twenty-two rental properties, and a jail. There

(20) were other squares directing players to go to jail, pay a luxury tax, and park. All properties were available for rent, rather than purchase. Mage’s invention became very popular, spreading through word of mouth, and altering slightly as it did. Since it was not manufactured by Magie, the boards and game pieces were homemade. Rules were explained and transmuted, from one group of friends to another. There is

(25) evidence to suggest that The Landlord’s Game was played at Princeton, Harvard, and the University of Pennsylvania. In 1924, Magie approached George Parker (President of Parker Brothers) to see if he was interested in purchasing the rights to her game. Parker turned her down, saying that it was too political. The game increased in popularity, migrating north to New

(30) York state, west to Michigan, and as far south as Texas. By the early 1930s, it reached Charles Darrow in Philadelphia. In 1935, claiming to be the inventor, Darrow got a patent for the game, and approached Parker Brothers. This time, the company loved it, swallowed Darrow’s prevarication, and not only purchased his patent, but paid him royalties for every game sold. The game quickly became Parker Brothers’ bestseller,

(35)and made the company, and Darrow, millions of dollars. When Parker Brothers found out that Darrow was not the true inventor of the game, they wanted to protect their rights to the successful game, so they went back to Lizzie Magie, now Mrs. Elizabeth Magic Phillips of Clarendon, Virginia. She agreed to a payment of $500 for her patent, with no royalties, so she could stay true to the

(40) original intent of her game’s invention. She therefore required in return that Parker Brothers manufacture and market The Landlord’s Game in addition to Monopoly. However, only a few hundred games were ever produced. Monopoly went on to become the world’s bestselling board game, with an objective that is the exact opposite of the one Magie intended: “The idea of the game is to buy and rent or sell property so

(45) profitably that one becomes the wealthiest player and eventually monopolist. The game
is one of shrewd and amusing trading and excitement. “

In line 13, what does repressed the possibility for equal opportunity mean?

31. In line 33, what does swallowed Darrow’s prevarication mean?

In 1904, the U.S. Patent Office granted a patent for a board game called “The Landlord’s Game”, which was invented by a Virginia Quaker named Lizzie Magic. Magie was a follower of Henry George, who started a tax movement that supported the theory that the renting of land and real estate produced an unearned increase in land

(5) values that profited a few individuals (landlords) rather than the majority of the people (tenants). George proposed a single federal tax based on land ownership; he believed this tax would weaken the ability to form monopolies, encourage equal opportunity, and narrow the gap between rich and poor. Lizzie Magie wanted to spread the word about George’s proposal, making it more

(10) understandable to a majority of people who were basically unfamiliar with economics. As a result, she invented a board game that would serve as a teaching device. The Landlord’s Game was intended to explain the evils of monopolies, showing that they repressed the possibility for equal opportunity. Her instructions read in part: “The object of this game is not only to afford amusement to players, but to illustrate to them

(15) how, under the present or prevailing system of land tenure, the landlord has an advantage over other enterprisers, and also how the single tax would discourage speculation.” The board for the game was painted with forty spaces around its perimeter, including four railroads, two utilities, twenty-two rental properties, and a jail. There

(20) were other squares directing players to go to jail, pay a luxury tax, and park. All properties were available for rent, rather than purchase. Mage’s invention became very popular, spreading through word of mouth, and altering slightly as it did. Since it was not manufactured by Magie, the boards and game pieces were homemade. Rules were explained and transmuted, from one group of friends to another. There is

(25) evidence to suggest that The Landlord’s Game was played at Princeton, Harvard, and the University of Pennsylvania. In 1924, Magie approached George Parker (President of Parker Brothers) to see if he was interested in purchasing the rights to her game. Parker turned her down, saying that it was too political. The game increased in popularity, migrating north to New

(30) York state, west to Michigan, and as far south as Texas. By the early 1930s, it reached Charles Darrow in Philadelphia. In 1935, claiming to be the inventor, Darrow got a patent for the game, and approached Parker Brothers. This time, the company loved it, swallowed Darrow’s prevarication, and not only purchased his patent, but paid him royalties for every game sold. The game quickly became Parker Brothers’ bestseller,

(35)and made the company, and Darrow, millions of dollars. When Parker Brothers found out that Darrow was not the true inventor of the game, they wanted to protect their rights to the successful game, so they went back to Lizzie Magie, now Mrs. Elizabeth Magic Phillips of Clarendon, Virginia. She agreed to a payment of $500 for her patent, with no royalties, so she could stay true to the

(40) original intent of her game’s invention. She therefore required in return that Parker Brothers manufacture and market The Landlord’s Game in addition to Monopoly. However, only a few hundred games were ever produced. Monopoly went on to become the world’s bestselling board game, with an objective that is the exact opposite of the one Magie intended: “The idea of the game is to buy and rent or sell property so

(45) profitably that one becomes the wealthiest player and eventually monopolist. The game
is one of shrewd and amusing trading and excitement. “

32. In line 24, the statement that the rules of The Landlord’s Game were explained and
transmuted relies on the notion that

In 1904, the U.S. Patent Office granted a patent for a board game called “The Landlord’s Game”, which was invented by a Virginia Quaker named Lizzie Magic. Magie was a follower of Henry George, who started a tax movement that supported the theory that the renting of land and real estate produced an unearned increase in land

(5) values that profited a few individuals (landlords) rather than the majority of the people (tenants). George proposed a single federal tax based on land ownership; he believed this tax would weaken the ability to form monopolies, encourage equal opportunity, and narrow the gap between rich and poor. Lizzie Magie wanted to spread the word about George’s proposal, making it more

(10) understandable to a majority of people who were basically unfamiliar with economics. As a result, she invented a board game that would serve as a teaching device. The Landlord’s Game was intended to explain the evils of monopolies, showing that they repressed the possibility for equal opportunity. Her instructions read in part: “The object of this game is not only to afford amusement to players, but to illustrate to them

(15) how, under the present or prevailing system of land tenure, the landlord has an advantage over other enterprisers, and also how the single tax would discourage speculation.” The board for the game was painted with forty spaces around its perimeter, including four railroads, two utilities, twenty-two rental properties, and a jail. There

(20) were other squares directing players to go to jail, pay a luxury tax, and park. All properties were available for rent, rather than purchase. Mage’s invention became very popular, spreading through word of mouth, and altering slightly as it did. Since it was not manufactured by Magie, the boards and game pieces were homemade. Rules were explained and transmuted, from one group of friends to another. There is

(25) evidence to suggest that The Landlord’s Game was played at Princeton, Harvard, and the University of Pennsylvania. In 1924, Magie approached George Parker (President of Parker Brothers) to see if he was interested in purchasing the rights to her game. Parker turned her down, saying that it was too political. The game increased in popularity, migrating north to New

(30) York state, west to Michigan, and as far south as Texas. By the early 1930s, it reached Charles Darrow in Philadelphia. In 1935, claiming to be the inventor, Darrow got a patent for the game, and approached Parker Brothers. This time, the company loved it, swallowed Darrow’s prevarication, and not only purchased his patent, but paid him royalties for every game sold. The game quickly became Parker Brothers’ bestseller,

(35)and made the company, and Darrow, millions of dollars. When Parker Brothers found out that Darrow was not the true inventor of the game, they wanted to protect their rights to the successful game, so they went back to Lizzie Magie, now Mrs. Elizabeth Magic Phillips of Clarendon, Virginia. She agreed to a payment of $500 for her patent, with no royalties, so she could stay true to the

(40) original intent of her game’s invention. She therefore required in return that Parker Brothers manufacture and market The Landlord’s Game in addition to Monopoly. However, only a few hundred games were ever produced. Monopoly went on to become the world’s bestselling board game, with an objective that is the exact opposite of the one Magie intended: “The idea of the game is to buy and rent or sell property so

(45) profitably that one becomes the wealthiest player and eventually monopolist. The game
is one of shrewd and amusing trading and excitement. “

33. In paragraph 4, the author implies that

In 1904, the U.S. Patent Office granted a patent for a board game called “The Landlord’s Game”, which was invented by a Virginia Quaker named Lizzie Magic. Magie was a follower of Henry George, who started a tax movement that supported the theory that the renting of land and real estate produced an unearned increase in land

(5) values that profited a few individuals (landlords) rather than the majority of the people (tenants). George proposed a single federal tax based on land ownership; he believed this tax would weaken the ability to form monopolies, encourage equal opportunity, and narrow the gap between rich and poor. Lizzie Magie wanted to spread the word about George’s proposal, making it more

(10) understandable to a majority of people who were basically unfamiliar with economics. As a result, she invented a board game that would serve as a teaching device. The Landlord’s Game was intended to explain the evils of monopolies, showing that they repressed the possibility for equal opportunity. Her instructions read in part: “The object of this game is not only to afford amusement to players, but to illustrate to them

(15) how, under the present or prevailing system of land tenure, the landlord has an advantage over other enterprisers, and also how the single tax would discourage speculation.” The board for the game was painted with forty spaces around its perimeter, including four railroads, two utilities, twenty-two rental properties, and a jail. There

(20) were other squares directing players to go to jail, pay a luxury tax, and park. All properties were available for rent, rather than purchase. Mage’s invention became very popular, spreading through word of mouth, and altering slightly as it did. Since it was not manufactured by Magie, the boards and game pieces were homemade. Rules were explained and transmuted, from one group of friends to another. There is

(25) evidence to suggest that The Landlord’s Game was played at Princeton, Harvard, and the University of Pennsylvania. In 1924, Magie approached George Parker (President of Parker Brothers) to see if he was interested in purchasing the rights to her game. Parker turned her down, saying that it was too political. The game increased in popularity, migrating north to New

(30) York state, west to Michigan, and as far south as Texas. By the early 1930s, it reached Charles Darrow in Philadelphia. In 1935, claiming to be the inventor, Darrow got a patent for the game, and approached Parker Brothers. This time, the company loved it, swallowed Darrow’s prevarication, and not only purchased his patent, but paid him royalties for every game sold. The game quickly became Parker Brothers’ bestseller,

(35)and made the company, and Darrow, millions of dollars. When Parker Brothers found out that Darrow was not the true inventor of the game, they wanted to protect their rights to the successful game, so they went back to Lizzie Magie, now Mrs. Elizabeth Magic Phillips of Clarendon, Virginia. She agreed to a payment of $500 for her patent, with no royalties, so she could stay true to the

(40) original intent of her game’s invention. She therefore required in return that Parker Brothers manufacture and market The Landlord’s Game in addition to Monopoly. However, only a few hundred games were ever produced. Monopoly went on to become the world’s bestselling board game, with an objective that is the exact opposite of the one Magie intended: “The idea of the game is to buy and rent or sell property so

(45) profitably that one becomes the wealthiest player and eventually monopolist. The game
is one of shrewd and amusing trading and excitement. “

34. Why did Mrs. Phillips sell her patent to Parker Brothers?

In 1904, the U.S. Patent Office granted a patent for a board game called “The Landlord’s Game”, which was invented by a Virginia Quaker named Lizzie Magic. Magie was a follower of Henry George, who started a tax movement that supported the theory that the renting of land and real estate produced an unearned increase in land

(5) values that profited a few individuals (landlords) rather than the majority of the people (tenants). George proposed a single federal tax based on land ownership; he believed this tax would weaken the ability to form monopolies, encourage equal opportunity, and narrow the gap between rich and poor. Lizzie Magie wanted to spread the word about George’s proposal, making it more

(10) understandable to a majority of people who were basically unfamiliar with economics. As a result, she invented a board game that would serve as a teaching device. The Landlord’s Game was intended to explain the evils of monopolies, showing that they repressed the possibility for equal opportunity. Her instructions read in part: “The object of this game is not only to afford amusement to players, but to illustrate to them

(15) how, under the present or prevailing system of land tenure, the landlord has an advantage over other enterprisers, and also how the single tax would discourage speculation.” The board for the game was painted with forty spaces around its perimeter, including four railroads, two utilities, twenty-two rental properties, and a jail. There

(20) were other squares directing players to go to jail, pay a luxury tax, and park. All properties were available for rent, rather than purchase. Mage’s invention became very popular, spreading through word of mouth, and altering slightly as it did. Since it was not manufactured by Magie, the boards and game pieces were homemade. Rules were explained and transmuted, from one group of friends to another. There is

(25) evidence to suggest that The Landlord’s Game was played at Princeton, Harvard, and the University of Pennsylvania. In 1924, Magie approached George Parker (President of Parker Brothers) to see if he was interested in purchasing the rights to her game. Parker turned her down, saying that it was too political. The game increased in popularity, migrating north to New

(30) York state, west to Michigan, and as far south as Texas. By the early 1930s, it reached Charles Darrow in Philadelphia. In 1935, claiming to be the inventor, Darrow got a patent for the game, and approached Parker Brothers. This time, the company loved it, swallowed Darrow’s prevarication, and not only purchased his patent, but paid him royalties for every game sold. The game quickly became Parker Brothers’ bestseller,

(35)and made the company, and Darrow, millions of dollars. When Parker Brothers found out that Darrow was not the true inventor of the game, they wanted to protect their rights to the successful game, so they went back to Lizzie Magie, now Mrs. Elizabeth Magic Phillips of Clarendon, Virginia. She agreed to a payment of $500 for her patent, with no royalties, so she could stay true to the

(40) original intent of her game’s invention. She therefore required in return that Parker Brothers manufacture and market The Landlord’s Game in addition to Monopoly. However, only a few hundred games were ever produced. Monopoly went on to become the world’s bestselling board game, with an objective that is the exact opposite of the one Magie intended: “The idea of the game is to buy and rent or sell property so

(45) profitably that one becomes the wealthiest player and eventually monopolist. The game
is one of shrewd and amusing trading and excitement. “

35. Al of the following questions can be explicitly answered on the basis of the passage
Е Х С Е Р Т

In 1904, the U.S. Patent Office granted a patent for a board game called “The Landlord’s Game”, which was invented by a Virginia Quaker named Lizzie Magic. Magie was a follower of Henry George, who started a tax movement that supported the theory that the renting of land and real estate produced an unearned increase in land

(5) values that profited a few individuals (landlords) rather than the majority of the people (tenants). George proposed a single federal tax based on land ownership; he believed this tax would weaken the ability to form monopolies, encourage equal opportunity, and narrow the gap between rich and poor. Lizzie Magie wanted to spread the word about George’s proposal, making it more

(10) understandable to a majority of people who were basically unfamiliar with economics. As a result, she invented a board game that would serve as a teaching device. The Landlord’s Game was intended to explain the evils of monopolies, showing that they repressed the possibility for equal opportunity. Her instructions read in part: “The object of this game is not only to afford amusement to players, but to illustrate to them

(15) how, under the present or prevailing system of land tenure, the landlord has an advantage over other enterprisers, and also how the single tax would discourage speculation.” The board for the game was painted with forty spaces around its perimeter, including four railroads, two utilities, twenty-two rental properties, and a jail. There

(20) were other squares directing players to go to jail, pay a luxury tax, and park. All properties were available for rent, rather than purchase. Mage’s invention became very popular, spreading through word of mouth, and altering slightly as it did. Since it was not manufactured by Magie, the boards and game pieces were homemade. Rules were explained and transmuted, from one group of friends to another. There is

(25) evidence to suggest that The Landlord’s Game was played at Princeton, Harvard, and the University of Pennsylvania. In 1924, Magie approached George Parker (President of Parker Brothers) to see if he was interested in purchasing the rights to her game. Parker turned her down, saying that it was too political. The game increased in popularity, migrating north to New

(30) York state, west to Michigan, and as far south as Texas. By the early 1930s, it reached Charles Darrow in Philadelphia. In 1935, claiming to be the inventor, Darrow got a patent for the game, and approached Parker Brothers. This time, the company loved it, swallowed Darrow’s prevarication, and not only purchased his patent, but paid him royalties for every game sold. The game quickly became Parker Brothers’ bestseller,

(35)and made the company, and Darrow, millions of dollars. When Parker Brothers found out that Darrow was not the true inventor of the game, they wanted to protect their rights to the successful game, so they went back to Lizzie Magie, now Mrs. Elizabeth Magic Phillips of Clarendon, Virginia. She agreed to a payment of $500 for her patent, with no royalties, so she could stay true to the

(40) original intent of her game’s invention. She therefore required in return that Parker Brothers manufacture and market The Landlord’s Game in addition to Monopoly. However, only a few hundred games were ever produced. Monopoly went on to become the world’s bestselling board game, with an objective that is the exact opposite of the one Magie intended: “The idea of the game is to buy and rent or sell property so

(45) profitably that one becomes the wealthiest player and eventually monopolist. The game
is one of shrewd and amusing trading and excitement. “

36. Passage 8

Acupuncture is a type of medical therapy that has been part of Chinese medicine since ancient times. It involves the insertion of thin, solid needles into specific sites on the body’s surface. The belief is that the application of a needle at one particular point produces a specific response at a second point. It is based on the ancient Chinese philosophy that human beings are miniature versions of the universe and that the forces

that controls nature and also controls health. These forces are divided between two main principles called the yin and the yang, which have an opposite but complementary effect on each other. For example, one force keeps the body’s temperature from rising too high and the other keeps it from dropping too low. When they are in balance, the body maintains a constant, normal state. Disease occurs when these forces get out of balance.

Although acupuncture had been used in Western countries during many periods, it was not until the 1970s that it gained widespread interest, when it was determined that it could be used to control pain during surgery. The mechanism for its effectiveness is still a mystery, but it has become a very popular technique in many countries in the treatment of various diseases and medical problems.

Which of the following is true about acupuncture?

I . Although originally only a part of Chinese medicine, it is now practiced in many
Western countries.
Il . It has been used to control pain during surgery since ancient times.
Il. The mechanism for its effectiveness was discovered during the 1970s.

37. This passage is primarily about_

Acupuncture is a type of medical therapy that has been part of Chinese medicine since ancient times. It involves the insertion of thin, solid needles into specific sites on the body’s surface. The belief is that the application of a needle at one particular point produces a specific response at a second point. It is based on the ancient Chinese philosophy that human beings are miniature versions of the universe and that the forces

that controls nature and also controls health. These forces are divided between two main principles called the yin and the yang, which have an opposite but complementary effect on each other. For example, one force keeps the body’s temperature from rising too high and the other keeps it from dropping too low. When they are in balance, the body maintains a constant, normal state. Disease occurs when these forces get out of balance.

Although acupuncture had been used in Western countries during many periods, it was not until the 1970s that it gained widespread interest, when it was determined that it could be used to control pain during surgery. The mechanism for its effectiveness is still a mystery, but it has become a very popular technique in many countries in the treatment of various diseases and medical problems.

38. According to the passage, acupuncture is based on

Acupuncture is a type of medical therapy that has been part of Chinese medicine since ancient times. It involves the insertion of thin, solid needles into specific sites on the body’s surface. The belief is that the application of a needle at one particular point produces a specific response at a second point. It is based on the ancient Chinese philosophy that human beings are miniature versions of the universe and that the forces

that controls nature and also controls health. These forces are divided between two main principles called the yin and the yang, which have an opposite but complementary effect on each other. For example, one force keeps the body’s temperature from rising too high and the other keeps it from dropping too low. When they are in balance, the body maintains a constant, normal state. Disease occurs when these forces get out of balance.

Although acupuncture had been used in Western countries during many periods, it was not until the 1970s that it gained widespread interest, when it was determined that it could be used to control pain during surgery. The mechanism for its effectiveness is still a mystery, but it has become a very popular technique in many countries in the treatment of various diseases and medical problems.

39. According to the passage, the yin and the yang are principles that represent

Acupuncture is a type of medical therapy that has been part of Chinese medicine since ancient times. It involves the insertion of thin, solid needles into specific sites on the body’s surface. The belief is that the application of a needle at one particular point produces a specific response at a second point. It is based on the ancient Chinese philosophy that human beings are miniature versions of the universe and that the forces

that controls nature and also controls health. These forces are divided between two main principles called the yin and the yang, which have an opposite but complementary effect on each other. For example, one force keeps the body’s temperature from rising too high and the other keeps it from dropping too low. When they are in balance, the body maintains a constant, normal state. Disease occurs when these forces get out of balance.

Although acupuncture had been used in Western countries during many periods, it was not until the 1970s that it gained widespread interest, when it was determined that it could be used to control pain during surgery. The mechanism for its effectiveness is still a mystery, but it has become a very popular technique in many countries in the treatment of various diseases and medical problems.

40. The author includes the example of the yin and the yang controlling the extremes of body
temperature in order to

Acupuncture is a type of medical therapy that has been part of Chinese medicine since ancient times. It involves the insertion of thin, solid needles into specific sites on the body’s surface. The belief is that the application of a needle at one particular point produces a specific response at a second point. It is based on the ancient Chinese philosophy that human beings are miniature versions of the universe and that the forces

that controls nature and also controls health. These forces are divided between two main principles called the yin and the yang, which have an opposite but complementary effect on each other. For example, one force keeps the body’s temperature from rising too high and the other keeps it from dropping too low. When they are in balance, the body maintains a constant, normal state. Disease occurs when these forces get out of balance.

Although acupuncture had been used in Western countries during many periods, it was not until the 1970s that it gained widespread interest, when it was determined that it could be used to control pain during surgery. The mechanism for its effectiveness is still a mystery, but it has become a very popular technique in many countries in the treatment of various diseases and medical problems.